"Ai Weiwei Never sorry" de Alison Klayman, para descargar

 

Película sobre el famoso artista y activista chino Ai Weiwei. En los últimos años, Ai ha captado la atención internacional tanto por su ambiciosa obra como por sus provocaciones políticas. Ai Weiwei: NEVER SORRY examina esta compleja intersección de la práctica artística y el activismo social visto a través de la vida y el arte de los artistas contemporáneos más importantes de China. (FILMAFFINITY)

 

Links: 5 (mp4, V.O.S.E., BRrip):

http://www.slingfile.com/file/anAkiRM2cY

http://www.slingfile.com/file/Y4Ha9phwQS

http://www.slingfile.com/file/pcgJdQbmPs

http://www.slingfile.com/file/MFFi9ti39f

http://www.slingfile.com/file/QqtmMxmnN2

Fuente de los links: www.patiodebutacas.org

 

 

Ser colaboracionista no es gratis, al menos en Río Negro -fallo STJ "Grandón"

 

JUAN PABLO BOHOSLAVSKY (*)

El Superior Tribunal de Justicia de Río Negro acaba de confirmar la constitucionalidad de la carta orgánica de Viedma, que prohíbe ejercer cargos públicos municipales a aquellas personas que asumieron funciones de responsabilidad o asesoramiento político en gobiernos no constitucionales. La aplicación de esta norma impidió que el Sr. Grandón asumiera como concejal.

En esta breve nota quisiera destacar dos cuestiones. La primera, que los jueces nacionales cumplen un rol fundamental en los procesos de justicia transicional, imponiendo en el centro de la agenda pública el carácter expansivo de los derechos humanos. El rol de las cortes federales en la anulación de las leyes de amnistía es el ejemplo más claro de ese fenómeno. Lo que es extraordinario en este caso es que ese rol ha sido asumido por jueces provinciales.

La segunda reflexión tiene relación con el sentido instrumental del sistema de inhabilitación en cuestión. Aun cuando no se pueda imputar (en sentido técnico) responsabilidad a aquellos que pusieron su capital personal, político y profesional al servicio de un gobierno autoritario, sus antecedentes permiten presumir que su compromiso con el sistema democrático y los derechos humanos no es lo suficientemente robusto como para ejercer funciones públicas en el presente.

El grado de compromiso y responsabilidad asumidos durante el terrorismo de Estado que deben tener implicaciones jurídicas presentes es una cuestión delicada y compleja. De alguna manera esta misma cuestión trae a colación una cuenta pendiente de la sociedad argentina: visualizar y entender cómo y por qué sectores amplios de la población civil contribuyeron con el terrorismo de Estado.

En cualquier caso, la norma municipal, la sentencia que la blindó, la Constitución que trazó ese mismo criterio y la ley provincial que la reglamentó constituyen un eslabón más en la continua búsqueda de verdad, memoria y justicia, ubicando a Río Negro a la vanguardia en el sistema de veto de colaboracionistas. Es un dato que el Congreso nacional debería tomar en cuenta en su discusión sobre la regulación nacional de la prohibición de acceder a cargos públicos de los autores y cómplices de actos de fuerza contra el sistema democrático.

(*) Profesor de Derecho (en licencia), Universidad Nacional de Río Negro

Fuente: diario Río Negro del 22 de diciembre de 2012 www.rionegro.com.ar

 

Fallo STJ "PRESIDENTE CONCEJO DELIBERANTE DE VIEDMAS/REMITE ACTUACIONES S/RECURSO DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDAD" (Expte. Nº25945/12-STJ-)

 

El fallo del Tribunal Electoral, aquí

Fuente de los fallos: www.jusrionegro.gov.ar
 

En un primer análisis, coincido con la postura del Tribunal Electoral, en cuanto a que no cualquier cargo o función desempeñada durante la dictadura militar puede sancionarse con la inhabilidad para ocupar un cargo público en el ámbito municipal, tal como lo establece el art. 52 inc. 12) de la Carta Orgánica Municipal sub exámine, no superando a mi criterio esa cláusula el test de razonabilidad en su reglamentación del derecho a ser elegido y a trabajar. Además, teniendo en cuenta que la inhabilitación se establece para conductas pasadas, se debería extremar la cautela en su aplicación. 

Destaco al respecto el siguiente considerando del Tribunal Electoral: "...sin detallar una conducta relevante exigida a éste que permita juzgar o encuadrar desde su sola letra, que la misma tuvo una trascendencia, importancia esencial o  rol protagónico, que habilite por sí misma a encuadrarla en los conceptos de “responsabilidad o asesoramiento político” a los que aludiese el Convencional Municipal al instituir la inhabilidad contenida en el inciso 12 del art. 52, sólo cabe concluir que, en este caso, no surge acreditada, tal como lo esbozó la Junta Electoral Municipal de Viedma al rechazar la petición de no proclamación, la configuración de la conducta que se quiso reprochar y mucho menos aún, se la puede asimilar genéricamente con la gravedad emergente de un accionar violatorio de los derechos humanos, o de “crímenes de lesa humanidad”, como lo plantea la impugnación del Frente para la Victoria, pues para estos supuestos se exige procesamiento o condena con resolución firme (art. 52 inc. 11º COM)."

Por otra parte, estimo que participar activamente en la vida de un partido político, y presentarse a elecciones generales, son al menos indicios positivos de cierto compromiso democrático.

 

Carlos Alberto Da Silva

CUMPLICIDADE FINANCEIRA NA DITADURA BRASILEIRA: IMPLICAÇÕES ATUAIS

JUAN PABLO BOHOSLAVSKY
Especialista em Dívida Soberana da Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Comércio e Desenvolvimento em Genebra (UNCTAD), doutor em Direito

MARCELO D. TORELLY
Coordenador-geral da Memória Histórica na Comissão de Anistia do Ministério da Justiça, doutorando e mestre em Direito pela Universidade de Brasilia

Resumo: O artigo estuda o papel desempenhado pelos emprestadores que financiaram a ditadura brasileira (1964-1985) e as ferramentas da justiça de transição que poderiam ser usadas
para responsabilizar os cúmplices financeiros. Primeiro, analisa teoricamente como os governos autoritários necessitam de recursos para implementar as políticas, para comprar lealdades e/ou reprimir a população. Passa, então, para uma análise casuísta e cruzada relacionando o denominado milagre econômico brasileiro, o aumento dramático da dívida soberana, o papel dos emprestadores, as violações dos direitos humanos e a reorganização do aparato repressivo.
Finalmente, no contexto da recém-criada Comissão Nacional da Verdade do Brasil, explora como a responsabilização pela cumplicidade financeira poderia ser canalizada por meio de mecanismos existentes na estrutura legal brasileira como ferramentas novas (a serem criadas).

Palavras-Chave: 1.Cumplicidade financeira; 2.Justiça de Transição; 3.Brasil; 4.Ditadura; 5.Desenvolvimento.

Abstract: This article studies the role played by the lenders that financed the Brazilian dictatorship (1964-1985) and the transitional justice mechanisms that could be used to make financial accomplices accountable. First, it theoretically analyzes how authoritarian governments need resources to implement policies in order to buy loyalties and/or repress the population.

Then it moves to a casuistic and cross analysis linking the so-called Brazilian economic miracle, the dramatic increase of sovereign debt, the role of lenders, the human rights violations and the reorganization of the repressive apparatus. Finally, in the context of the recently created National Truth Commission of Brazil, it explores how accountability for financial complicity could be channeled through mechanisms both existing under the current legal Brazilian framework and new (to be established) tools.

Key-Words: 1. Finantial Complicity; Transitional Justice; 3. Brazil; 4. Dictatorship; 5. Development.

 

Artigo / Article

El per saltum (desde su aceptación pretoriana hasta su olvido legal)

Por Tristán Gómez Zavaglia(*)

I.- Introducción.-

Tal como lo señaló el siempre recordado constitucionalista Germán Bidart Campos, la expresión per saltum alude a un salto en las instancias procesales y se aplica a las hipótesis en que la Corte Suprema conoce de una causa judicial radicada ante tribunales inferiores, saltando una o más instancias. Es decir, se deja de recorrer una o más de ellas y desde una inferior la causa entra a la competencia de la Corte omitiéndose las intermedias.[1]

A fines de la década del 80’, más precisamente el 1º de septiembre de 1988, el alto Tribunal comienza a considerar el tema de la apelación per saltum[2] a través de la disidencia de uno de sus jueces: el Dr. Enrique Santiago Petracchi.-

En la década siguiente el tema que estudiamos alcanzó un desarrollo interesante, aunque bien vale la pena aclararlo, fue admitido en contadas ocasiones y en fallos muy divididos; sin embargo esto último no impidió que se establecieran directrices precisas en la materia.-

Ya a comienzos del segundo milenio y como consecuencia del escenario tan convulsionado que se vivía en nuestro país por aquellos años se incorporó tanto al Código Procesal Civil y Comercial de la Nación como a la ley de procedimiento laboral una suerte de apelación tipo per saltum respecto de medidas cautelares.-

El primero de los supuestos mencionados tuvo una vida efímera que duró desde noviembre de 2001 hasta abril de 2002, pero que dejó su huella marcada. El segundo de los casos contemplados, se encuentra vigente –aunque tal vez en estado vegetativo- en el artículo 62 bis de la ley 18.345.-

Artículo completo

Fuente: www.eldial.com.ar

Call for Papers

9th Global Administrative Law Seminar

Viterbo, June 13-14, 2013

INTER-INSTITUTIONAL RELATIONS IN GLOBAL LAW AND GOVERNANCE

1. Overview

The vast increase in global regulation has attracted significant attention from both scholars and practitioners. The global governance literature now comprises several different approaches, including a substantial body of work done from the perspective of ‘global administrative law’. In this and other work, it has long been recognised that institutions in the global administrative space do not act in isolation. Rather, global governance is accomplished through complex inter-relations between state-based government agencies, courts (national, regional and international), private standard-setting bodies, hybrid public-private bodies, transgovernmental networks, and formal intergovernmental organizations.

Yet, the interactions between such institutions—as opposed to the institutions themselves—remain under-studied and under-theorized. This is a significant gap in the global governance literature. Interactions between institutions raise a series of important normative and descriptive questions, such as: What are the conditions that create a felt need for regulatory co-ordination? What are the problems and opportunities associated with public-private or other forms of collaboration? Whose values, interests or preferences prevail when institutions interact? How, if at all, does inter-institutional interaction vary in different parts of the world, particularly the Global South? For example, development projects constitute sites of interaction involving formal intergovernmental organizations, state-based agencies (both foreign and local), private business enterprises, and other transnational arrangements, enmeshing these different actors in policy-making and regulatory co-ordination. Greater knowledge about the processes of inter-institutional relations can shed light on the ways in which such processes help or hinder growth in the developing world.

The objective of the 9th Global Administrative Law Seminar is therefore to build on the existing literature, particularly previous work on the institutional dimensions of global administrative law,[1] in order to advance research on inter-institutional relations in global governance.

The ‘inter-institutional relations’ rubric is intended to capture a variety of different interactions between different types of institutions. The term ‘institution’ denotes bodies with some degree of formality, whether such bodies are described as formal intergovernmental organizations, private bodies, hybrid public-private bodies or state-based government agencies. The term ‘relations’ is deliberately open-textured, so to capture a range of possible behaviours, including those that may be alternately described as co-operative, competitive or antagonistic. Based on these parameters, at least three dimensions of inter-institutional relations in global governance can be distinguished for the purpose of delineating the field: (1) relations between institutions that are global actors (horizontal interactions at the global level); (2) relations between global and national institutions, where the latter may or may not be a member of the global institution (vertical and diagonal interactions, respectively); and (3) relations between national institutions, within and between national jurisdictions (horizontal interactions at the national level).

Along these three dimensions, several themes may usefully be explored in order to map and deepen our understanding of inter-institutional relations in the global administrative space.[2] These themes include the following:

1.1. Managing the dynamics of inter-institutional relations

- through legal interpretation of the relevant rules or constituent instruments (e.g., the relationship between the IMF and the World Trade Organization under, inter alia, the IMF Articles of Agreement and the GATT 1994);

- through conflict of laws methodologies, such as interest analysis and contract law;

- through concepts of leadership or specialization (e.g., the ‘principle of speciality’ elaborated in the 1996 International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Legality of the Use by a State of Nuclear Weapons in Armed Conflict). 

1.2. Inter-institutional relations as a mechanism for institutional change

- inter-institutional relations as regulatory ‘co-ordination’, competition or review;

- dynamic analyses or accounts of how institutional boundaries develop and shift over time, including movements to devolution or privatization (e.g., using theories of the firm);

- inter-institutional relations as a vehicle for learning, norm-diffusion or mimesis (e.g., using theories that focus on the role of knowledge and knowledge-production as a form of power);

- impediments to change, such as switching costs, inertia and the enmeshment of institutions among other organizations.

1.3. Effects of inter-institutional interaction

- effects of interaction on the distribution and flows of power; autarkic dimensions of interactions, where interactions perpetuate existing distributions of power;

- normative effects of interaction, e.g. from the liberal cosmopolitan perspective of ‘justice’ (encompassing notions of welfare, sustainable development and the rule of law), from a structural perspective, invoking broader organizing structural principles such as the separation of powers and constitutionalism, or from a ‘pluralist’ perspective, focusing on the enhancement (or diminution) of ‘voice’ and legitimacy through participation;

- effects of interaction vis-à-vis the promotion or corralling of expert rule;

- sites of non-interaction within the global administrative space;

- dynamic accounts of interactions as networks, where some nodes increase in power, or new pathways or linkages are generated.

1.4. Consequences of inter-institutional relations for law

- jurisgenerative impact of inter-institutional relations;

- legal innovation through inter-institutional relations;

- norm-diffusion through inter-institutional relations;

- revision of existing law through competition and review;

- inter-institutional relations as a vehicle for the incorporation of private law into public institutions, and vice versa.

2. Provisional program

The seminar will be held on June 13-14, 2013 in Viterbo. The Seminar Steering Committee includes Giulio Vesperini, Stefano Battini, Edoardo Chiti, Mario Savino and Lorenzo Casini. The Seminar Organizing Team comprises Eleonora Cavalieri, Andrea Averardi e Lorenzo Carbonara.

The selected papers will constitute the basis for a thorough and wide-ranging discussion on the legal questions raised. As has been the case since the first GAL seminar in 2005, the best papers presented will be published in leading legal reviews and journals.

The overall aim of the Seminars is not only to assess the consistency of the analytic categories adopted to date, but also to develop more effective and forward-looking tools and technologies of global governance. To this end, legal counsel and leading practitioners will also participate in the seminar and act as discussants or commentators, together with leading academics in the field.

3. Call for papers

Submissions from both junior scholars (including PhD students and advanced law students, as well as practitioners and new faculty) and senior scholars are invited on the themes outlined above. Abstracts should be at least 150 words, but longer and more fully-developed abstracts up to 1,000 words are welcome and encouraged where possible. Abstracts should be sent (in .doc or .docx format) to ViterboGalSeminar@gmail.com by February 3, 2012. Abstracts must include a statement of the issue area of the paper, as well as an indication of the major arguments to be made, a proposed title, and postal, email and telephone contacts for the author.

A selection panel will consider all abstracts received by the submission deadline, and notify applicants of paper acceptance by February 17, 2013. The submission date for full papers accepted for presentation is May 12, 2013. The final version of the paper must be no longer than 8,000 words (footnotes included) and must be sent (in .doc or .docx format) to ViterboGalSeminar@gmail.com and should be drafted according to the attached guidelines. Only a limited number of promising papers can be accepted. It is expected that some funding will be available to assist paper presenters with travel costs (subject to confirmation).

A .pdf version of this document is available here. For any further information please contact ViterboGalSeminar@gmail.com.

October 30, 2012

[1] Symposium: Global Administrative Law in the Operations of International Organizations, 6 Int’l Org. L. Rev. 315 (2009); International Financial Institutions and Global Legal Governance, 3 World Bank Legal Rev. 3-390 (2011).

[2] Some ideas on these questions can be found in the report of a workshop held on April 16, 2012, at the Institute for International Law and Justice, New York University School of Law, entitled Analyzing and Shaping Inter-Institutional Relations in Global Governance, available at http://www.iilj.org/newsandevents/documents/Aprilreport.pdf. Other approaches are taken by contributors to Regime Interaction in International Law: Facing Fragmentation (Margaret A. Young, ed., 2012). See also Global Administrative Law: The Casebook (S. Cassese et al, ed., 2012).